工業洗滌設備是綜合性機械設備，內蒙古洗滌設備在機(ji)(ji)(ji)器運轉過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中，傳動系(xi)統引起了(le)噪聲(sheng)、電(dian)氣(qi)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)噪聲(sheng)、布草(cao)輸送過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中產生的(de)(de)噪聲(sheng)，當噪聲(sheng)持續超過(guo)(guo)人體(ti)所能忍受的(de)(de)極限(xian)時(shi)(shi)將會嚴重(zhong)影響操作者的(de)(de)健康(kang)(kang)，引發失聰事故(gu)。例如，當水(shui)洗(xi)(xi)脫(tuo)干機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)軸(zhou)承損(sun)壞(huai)或內外籠發生故(gu)障碰(peng)擦時(shi)(shi)，在高速(su)脫(tuo)干的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候，會發生非常尖銳的(de)(de)噪聲(sheng)，影響操作者的(de)(de)健康(kang)(kang)和(he)(he)損(sun)壞(huai)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)。由(you)于使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)溶(rong)劑(ji)和(he)(he)附屬(shu)材料的(de)(de)危害引發的(de)(de)事故(gu)工(gong)業洗(xi)(xi)滌(di)設(she)備(bei)(bei)(bei)需要(yao)使(shi)用(yong)各(ge)種溶(rong)劑(ji)和(he)(he)附屬(shu)材料，例干洗(xi)(xi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)用(yong)的(de)(de)洗(xi)(xi)滌(di)溶(rong)劑(ji)、添(tian)加劑(ji)；水(shui)洗(xi)(xi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)洗(xi)(xi)滌(di)劑(ji)、柔順劑(ji)、漂白劑(ji)等化(hua)學溶(rong)劑(ji)……等等，由(you)于各(ge)種溶(rong)劑(ji)的(de)(de)化(hua)學性能不同(tong)，可能導致如下各(ge)種危害：

腐(fu)蝕性化(hua)學(xue)危害(hai)：有(you)害(hai)氣體、液體、霧煙和灰塵的(de)(de)(de)(de)接觸和吸入，可(ke)燃物品引發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)燃燒和爆炸的(de)(de)(de)(de)危害(hai)，由于水和洗(xi)滌(di)劑(ji)引起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生物危害(hai)，例如：干洗(xi)機所使(shi)用四氯乙(yi)烯(xi)洗(xi)滌(di)劑(ji)如果大量泄漏會(hui)影(ying)響(xiang)操作(zuo)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)健康(kang)和引起(qi)環境污染(ran)；水洗(xi)機使(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)洗(xi)滌(di)劑(ji)如果含磷量高，排水將(jiang)會(hui)影(ying)響(xiang)生態降解(jie)；腐(fu)蝕性化(hua)學(xue)物質(zhi)如次(ci)氯酸鹽(yan)可(ke)能引起(qi)機器損壞(huai)；化(hua)學(xue)物質(zhi)如干燥劑(ji)在直接氣體點(dian)火的(de)(de)(de)(de)烘干機中可(ke)能會(hui)產(chan)生有(you)毒氣體。

由(you)于洗(xi)(xi)滌設備(bei)(bei)在設計(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)忽略了人(ren)(ren)機工(gong)程(cheng)學原理而(er)導致危害(hai)、引(yin)發(fa)事(shi)故，工(gong)業(ye)洗(xi)(xi)滌設備(bei)(bei)的(de)品種類型非(fei)常(chang)多(duo)，且大多(duo)數(shu)都必須人(ren)(ren)工(gong)操(cao)作(zuo)，如果設計(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)不考(kao)慮人(ren)(ren)機工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)合適(shi)性(xing)，使操(cao)作(zuo)者長(chang)期處在不健(jian)(jian)康的(de)狀(zhuang)態下(xia)操(cao)作(zuo)，將會影(ying)響(xiang)操(cao)作(zuo)者的(de)健(jian)(jian)康。例如：水(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)脫(tuo)干機的(de)裝(zhuang)料(liao)(liao)門設計(ji)(ji)得過(guo)高(gao)或過(guo)低，使操(cao)作(zuo)者過(guo)分彎身(shen)裝(zhuang)料(liao)(liao)，或非(fei)常(chang)費力才能卸料(liao)(liao)等，都危及人(ren)(ren)體健(jian)(jian)康。例：水(shui)(shui)洗(xi)(xi)脫(tuo)干機的(de)洗(xi)(xi)滌劑(ji)加料(liao)(liao)口位置(zhi)過(guo)高(gao)，操(cao)作(zuo)工(gong)人(ren)(ren)要(yao)高(gao)抬手才能加劑(ji)，這樣可能引(yin)發(fa)加劑(ji)時(shi)(shi)失誤，翻落，造(zao)成(cheng)危害(hai)事(shi)故等。

由(you)于能(neng)(neng)源供應和(he)控制系統(tong)失(shi)效導(dao)致的危(wei)害(hai)(hai)(hai)，引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)發(fa)事故工(gong)業洗滌(di)(di)設備(bei)所(suo)使用的能(neng)(neng)源除水(shui)和(he)溶劑外(wai)還有高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)蒸(zheng)汽(qi)、壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)空氣(qi)(qi)、天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)(qi)等(deng)等(deng)，如(ru)果不符(fu)合設備(bei)要(yao)求，會(hui)(hui)引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)起(qi)危(wei)害(hai)(hai)(hai)，主要(yao)有兩(liang)方面：能(neng)(neng)源供應不符(fu)合設備(bei)使用要(yao)求。例(li)：槽型熨(yun)平機(ji)采用蒸(zheng)汽(qi)加(jia)熱，要(yao)求壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)為0.8～1.3MPa，如(ru)果壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)過(guo)低會(hui)(hui)影響機(ji)器正常(chang)熨(yun)平，嚴重(zhong)影響熨(yun)平質(zhi)量(liang)；而光(guang)板夾(jia)熨(yun)機(ji)所(suo)使用的蒸(zheng)汽(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)為0.4～0.5MPa，如(ru)果蒸(zheng)汽(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)過(guo)高(gao)，會(hui)(hui)產(chan)生過(guo)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)起(qi)夾(jia)板爆裂等(deng)事故。設備(bei)控制系統(tong)失(shi)效引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)起(qi)的危(wei)害(hai)(hai)(hai)。例(li)：能(neng)(neng)前后兩(liang)側傾(qing)斜裝卸料(liao)的水(shui)洗脫(tuo)干機(ji)，控制系統(tong)失(shi)控，在外(wai)傾(qing)斜操(cao)作(zuo)時，產(chan)生傾(qing)斜，這樣會(hui)(hui)危(wei)及(ji)進入傾(qing)斜區的操(cao)作(zuo)者(zhe)，引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)起(qi)機(ji)械危(wei)害(hai)(hai)(hai)。例(li)：遂道式連續(xu)洗滌(di)(di)機(ji)，由(you)于控制系統(tong)失(shi)控，使衣(yi)物無法(fa)逐格傳送引(yin)(yin)(yin)(yin)起(qi)嚴重(zhong)堵塞……等(deng)等(deng)。

設備零部件的意外損壞導致的危害，工業洗滌設備是負載量重的設備，內蒙古洗滌設備哪家好在(zai)(zai)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)衣房中一般設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)工(gong)作時(shi)間(jian)在(zai)(zai)8～16小(xiao)時(shi)。長時(shi)間(jian)、滿負載運行(xing)(xing)，所(suo)有零件(jian)(jian)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)必須有足夠的(de)(de)(de)強度，否則，零件(jian)(jian)、部(bu)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)意外損壞(huai)會引(yin)發嚴重(zhong)危害事(shi)(shi)故(gu)。例：水洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)脫(tuo)干機(ji)皮帶輪(lun)的(de)(de)(de)突(tu)然破(po)裂(lie)、變頻(pin)器的(de)(de)(de)失控，引(yin)起脫(tuo)干速(su)度過高等(deng)，都會引(yin)發機(ji)械(xie)危害事(shi)(shi)故(gu)。工(gong)業(ye)(ye)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)安全要求(qiu)，綜上所(suo)述(shu)，工(gong)業(ye)(ye)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)在(zai)(zai)實際運行(xing)(xing)中，可(ke)能發生(sheng)各(ge)種危及(ji)安全的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要事(shi)(shi)故(gu)，可(ke)歸納為(wei)(wei)上述(shu)8種潛在(zai)(zai)危險因(yin)(yin)素。因(yin)(yin)此在(zai)(zai)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)時(shi)必須根據潛在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)危險因(yin)(yin)素，提出相(xiang)對應的(de)(de)(de)安全要求(qiu)：由(you)于工(gong)業(ye)(ye)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)品種類型很多，下面我們(men)以工(gong)業(ye)(ye)水洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)脫(tuo)干機(ji)為(wei)(wei)例，分析(xi)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)安全要求(qiu)。

防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)械危(wei)(wei)險的(de)(de)安全要求，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)轉動運行的(de)(de)洗(xi)(xi)衣(yi)機(ji)內(nei)轉籠(long)(long)可(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)引起(qi)的(de)(de)危(wei)(wei)險。洗(xi)(xi)衣(yi)機(ji)的(de)(de)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)載(zai)和轉動的(de)(de)內(nei)籠(long)(long)設有(you)聯鎖裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)。當內(nei)籠(long)(long)在運轉時(shi)，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)載(zai)門(men)不允許開(kai)啟(qi)，必須在轉籠(long)(long)停止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)載(zai)門(men)才(cai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)打開(kai)；當采(cai)用(yong)手動添加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)洗(xi)(xi)滌(di)劑(ji)(ji)時(shi)，洗(xi)(xi)劑(ji)(ji)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)料艙應有(you)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)護(hu)柵，能(neng)(neng)(neng)阻止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)劑(ji)(ji)斗或(huo)其他加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)劑(ji)(ji)器觸及運轉中(zhong)的(de)(de)內(nei)籠(long)(long)；當加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)劑(ji)(ji)結束(shu)后(hou)，加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)劑(ji)(ji)艙口能(neng)(neng)(neng)關(guan)閉(bi)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)劑(ji)(ji)艙口在轉籠(long)(long)運轉時(shi)(洗(xi)(xi)滌(di)脫干時(shi))溢出化學洗(xi)(xi)劑(ji)(ji)。防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)載(zai)門(men)意外關(guan)閉(bi)引起(qi)機(ji)械危(wei)(wei)害(hai)，當工(gong)業洗(xi)(xi)衣(yi)機(ji)是采(cai)用(yong)向上開(kai)啟(qi)式裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)載(zai)門(men)時(shi)應設有(you)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)倒鉤或(huo)阻尼氣(qi)缸(gang)，防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)門(men)意外關(guan)閉(bi)，這項保(bao)護(hu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)應在整(zheng)機(ji)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)供給(gei)切斷后(hou)仍然有(you)效。

防止開(kai)啟裝(zhuang)載門(men)(men)時可能引發(fa)的(de)機(ji)(ji)械危害，當任何洗衣(yi)機(ji)(ji)的(de)門(men)(men)處(chu)于開(kai)啟狀態時，必須切斷洗衣(yi)機(ji)(ji)的(de)動(dong)(dong)力(li)源，并(bing)設(she)有機(ji)(ji)械聯(lian)鎖，避免因重力(li)導致(zhi)旋轉。對于分侖式(shi)內(nei)(nei)籠(long)(long)不允許復位，當機(ji)(ji)器(qi)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)卸載時，可以不考(kao)慮(lv)此項要求。對于采(cai)(cai)用(yong)電動(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)載門(men)(men)的(de)設(she)備(bei)應(ying)采(cai)(cai)取如下安全保護措(cuo)施(shi)。當電動(dong)(dong)門(men)(men)關(guan)閉(bi)時，應(ying)控(kong)制(zhi)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)關(guan)門(men)(men)的(de)力(li)和門(men)(men)關(guan)閉(bi)后與外(wai)籠(long)(long)前蓋的(de)間隙。采(cai)(cai)用(yong)安全傳感器(qi)，防止門(men)(men)與外(wai)籠(long)(long)前蓋發(fa)生沖撞。(可采(cai)(cai)用(yong)壓力(li)傳感器(qi)或時間控(kong)制(zhi)器(qi)件(jian))采(cai)(cai)用(yong)門(men)(men)的(de)連(lian)續行程控(kong)制(zhi)，在門(men)(men)關(guan)閉(bi)的(de)軌跡內(nei)(nei)設(she)置防護裝(zhuang)，保證(zheng)在關(guan)閉(bi)和開(kai)啟的(de)全軌跡不會碰撞操作者。

防止過(guo)(guo)振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)引起(qi)的機(ji)械危害，所有(you)懸浮(fu)式水(shui)洗脫干(gan)機(ji)應(ying)規(gui)定(ding)高脫干(gan)速度和(he)(he)大(da)允許過(guo)(guo)振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)限定(ding)；并(bing)設(she)有(you)過(guo)(guo)振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)保護裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，一旦機(ji)器因勻(yun)布不好產(chan)生(sheng)過(guo)(guo)振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)，設(she)備應(ying)自動(dong)(dong)停止脫干(gan)延時，重新加水(shui)，再進(jin)行勻(yun)布和(he)(he)脫干(gan)。生(sheng)產(chan)廠家應(ying)在使用說(shuo)明書中說(shuo)明大(da)允許振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)的試驗方法和(he)(he)設(she)定(ding)值。例如：采用偏載(zai)試驗法和(he)(he)加裝(zhuang)過(guo)(guo)振(zhen)保護開關。防止機(ji)械碰撞(zhuang)的安全要求。對(dui)于懸浮(fu)式水(shui)洗脫干(gan)機(ji)，應(ying)規(gui)定(ding)被懸浮(fu)的內(nei)外籠構架和(he)(he)固(gu)定(ding)的支承(cheng)座(zuo)之間的小距離，并(bing)設(she)有(you)柔性(xing)保護蓋(gai)或隔離保護裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，防止操作者(zhe)可能被碰撞(zhuang)和(he)(he)擠壓。

防止(zhi)裝載(zai)物(wu)料下(xia)落(luo)和裝載(zai)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)產(chan)生危害(hai)。為(wei)了(le)防止(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)裝載(zai)布(bu)草(cao)時(shi)，物(wu)料從操作者(zhe)頭(tou)部(bu)以上(shang)位(wei)置意(yi)外下(xia)落(luo)，引起(qi)危害(hai)，應在(zai)(zai)(zai)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)相應部(bu)位(wei)設(she)(she)(she)(she)置警示和保護裝置，當用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)自備(bei)裝載(zai)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)時(shi)，生產(chan)廠家應在(zai)(zai)(zai)使用(yong)(yong)手冊中說明安全要(yao)求(qiu)：應保證(zheng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)裝載(zai)機失去(qu)電(dian)(dian)力時(shi)，物(wu)料也不會自動掉下(xia)。防止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)氣危險(xian)的安全要(yao)求(qiu)，為(wei)了(le)防止(zhi)工業洗滌(di)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)電(dian)(dian)氣危險(xian)的發生，在(zai)(zai)(zai)設(she)(she)(she)(she)計時(shi)應滿足(zu)如下(xia)要(yao)求(qiu)：電(dian)(dian)氣設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)的選擇。工業洗滌(di)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)上(shang)所(suo)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)氣設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)和器件應滿足(zu)預期(qi)的使用(yong)(yong)環境和用(yong)(yong)途并符合國際標準的規定(ding)。對洗滌(di)設(she)(she)(she)(she)備(bei)所(suo)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)源應明確(que)要(yao)求(qiu)，應根據用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)所(suo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)地的供電(dian)(dian)情況，滿足(zu)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)規定(ding)的電(dian)(dian)源條(tiao)件，當采用(yong)(yong)三相交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)，一般(ban)應滿足(zu)如下(xia)條(tiao)件：電(dian)(dian)壓：穩態電(dian)(dian)壓值為(wei)0.9～1.1倍(bei)(bei)額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓，頻率：0.99～1.01倍(bei)(bei)額定(ding)頻率(連續工作)0.98～1.02倍(bei)(bei)額定(ding)頻率(短時(shi)工作)，諧(xie)波(bo)：2～5次畸(ji)變諧(xie)波(bo)總和不超過線電(dian)(dian)壓方均根值的百分(fen)之10；對于6～30次畸(ji)變諧(xie)波(bo)的總和允(yun)許多附加(jia)線電(dian)(dian)壓方均根值的百分(fen)之2。

不(bu)平衡電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)：三相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)負序和(he)零(ling)序成(cheng)(cheng)分都不(bu)應(ying)(ying)超過正(zheng)(zheng)序成(cheng)(cheng)分的(de)(de)百分之2。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)中(zhong)斷：在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)周期的(de)(de)任意時間，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)中(zhong)斷或零(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)持續時間不(bu)超過3ms，相(xiang)繼中(zhong)斷間隔(ge)時間應(ying)(ying)大于1s。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降不(bu)應(ying)(ying)超過大于1周的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)峰(feng)值電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)百分之20，相(xiang)繼降落間隔(ge)時間應(ying)(ying)大于1s。實際運行環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)和(he)運行條件與(yu)用戶的(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)有差別時，應(ying)(ying)滿(man)足(zu)用戶要(yao)求但必須與(yu)用戶達成(cheng)(cheng)協議(yi)，以保證在用戶供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態下，設備能(neng)正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)(chang)運行。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)兼容性：洗(xi)滌設備電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)裝置所產(chan)生的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)騷擾不(bu)應(ying)(ying)超過其預期使用場合(he)允許的(de)(de)水(shui)平。設備對環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)騷擾應(ying)(ying)有足(zu)夠的(de)(de)抗擾度水(shui)平，保證在預期使用環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)中(zhong)可以正(zheng)(zheng)確運行。環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)空氣(qi)溫度一般(ban)為5℃～40℃，對于非常(chang)(chang)熱或寒冷環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)應(ying)(ying)提出額外要(yao)求。

濕度：當高溫度為40℃，相對濕度不超過百分之50時，電氣設備應能正常工作，溫度低則允許高的相對濕度如20℃時為百分之90，如濕度大應采取相應措施。海拔高度：電氣設備應能在1000m以下工作，如海拔高于1000m，應采取相應措施。電氣設備應采取適當的防止固體物和液體侵入，應有相應的防潮措施。電氣設備應有相應的防振動、防沖擊碰撞措施。在全懸浮水洗脫干機中應把配電箱裝在固定的支架上，防止振動。工業洗滌設備中所用各種電氣器件的選擇、導線的選配、內蒙古洗滌設備各種(zhong)電氣技術要求應符合國家相關標(biao)準。